8=======>

2022-09-12 · +1d

lstm_s4 · in-sample — the model trained on this date · 191 tokens predicted

These numbers are in-sample. The model was trained on this date, so predicted-vs-actual agreement here is not evidence of skill.
+1d+7d+30dasset cohort only
rank IC
-0.0441
191 of 191 tokens assessed
long-short decile
+1.61%
realised beta-adjusted alpha
direction hit
33.5%
in alpha space · 67.5% on raw price
BTC over horizon
-9.94%
the unhedgeable market factor

Predicted vs actual (191 rows, sorted by pred)

tokennamechainanchor pxpred px ▾pred Δactual pxactual Δalpha errhitβ90dvol 30dtarget
GTGateEthereum4.38394.4028+0.43%4.1432-5.49%0.0167✓0.74688k2022-09-13
XMRMoneroMonero163.77164.3042+0.33%145.44-11.19%0.0207✗0.971.4M2022-09-13
1INCH1INCHEthereum0.6480.649859+0.29%0.595-8.18%0.0189✓1.02178k2022-09-13
DIADIAEthereum0.399770.400912+0.29%0.38116-4.66%0.0556✓1.0131k2022-09-13
NAKANakamoto GamesPolygon0.06670.066885+0.28%0.0594-10.94%0.0089✗1.0579k2022-09-13
OMGOMG NetworkEthereum1.9621.9668+0.24%1.7866-8.94%0.0215✓1.1223k2022-09-13
PEOPLEConstitutionDAOEthereum0.02280.022853+0.23%0.02043-10.39%0.0004✓1.0710.3M2022-09-13
AAVEAaveEthereum90.9991.1933+0.22%82.97-8.81%0.0657✓1.536.0M2022-09-13
BORABORAKlay Token0.29430.294919+0.21%0.26692-9.30%0.0051✗0.9015k2022-09-13
LEOLEO TokenEthereum5.04525.0556+0.21%4.9699-1.49%0.0104✗0.06119k2022-09-13
GALAGALAEthereum0.05130.051401+0.20%0.0479-6.63%0.0513✓1.16178k2022-09-13
FETArtificial Superintelligence AllianceEthereum0.09150.091678+0.19%0.0848-7.32%0.0251✓0.9814k2022-09-13
BATBasic AttentionEthereum0.354360.355049+0.19%0.32139-9.30%0.0134✓1.0833k2022-09-13
BNTBancor NetworkEthereum0.49480.49576+0.19%0.4625-6.53%0.0517✓1.16384k2022-09-13
BTTBitTorrentEthereum9.10e-79.12e-7+0.19%8.70e-7-4.40%0.0310✓0.7415k2022-09-13
VSYSV.SYSTEMSnative0.0016510.001654+0.19%0.001531-7.27%0.0062✗0.685,8832022-09-13
TRXTRONTron0.0638830.063998+0.18%0.060682-5.01%0.0044✗0.47123k2022-09-13
BFCBifrostEthereum0.071990.072116+0.17%0.0679-5.68%0.0446✓1.0025k2022-09-13
MINAMina Protocolnative0.670.671164+0.17%0.61-8.96%0.0160✓1.07111k2022-09-13
ETHEthereumEthereum1,716.711,719.56+0.17%1,574.71-8.27%0.0541✓1.36569.9M2022-09-13
PHAPHALAEthereum0.10130.101464+0.16%0.0968-4.44%0.0326✓0.762,7302022-09-13
ASMAssemble AIEthereum0.021020.021048+0.13%0.02007-4.52%0.0158✓0.61191k2022-09-13
ZECZcashZcash62.9263.0016+0.13%58.92-6.36%0.0551✓1.171.1M2022-09-13
DUSKDUSKEthereum0.13470.134873+0.13%0.1243-7.72%0.0319✓1.082.7M2022-09-13
KSMKusamaHydration52.2152.2752+0.12%46.38-11.17%0.0119✗1.03363k2022-09-13
ORBSOrbsEthereum0.040.040044+0.11%0.03648-8.80%0.0202✗0.702,2982022-09-13
TWTTrust WalletBinance Smart Chain1.00451.0056+0.11%1.0223+1.77%0.0762✓0.572.6M2022-09-13
PSGParis Saint-Germain Fan TokenSolana8.958.9593+0.10%8.75-2.23%0.0381✓0.592.4M2022-09-13
WBTCWrapped BitcoinEthereum22,320.8022,342.62+0.10%20,237.10-9.34%0.0028✗0.9213k2022-09-13
LSKLiskEthereum1.0911.0921+0.10%1.0027-8.09%0.0046✗0.7736k2022-09-13
NCTPolySwarmEthereum0.012940.012951+0.09%0.01252-3.25%0.0347✓0.65233k2022-09-13
STORJStorjEthereum0.5630.56349+0.09%0.50798-9.77%0.0363✓1.3439k2022-09-13
XPRXPR NetworkEthereum0.0031060.003109+0.09%0.002827-8.98%0.0007✓0.911.2M2022-09-13
DKAdKargoEthereum0.047470.04751+0.08%0.04273-9.99%0.0380✗0.6514k2022-09-13
SHIBShiba InuEthereum0.000012880.000012891+0.08%0.00001209-6.13%0.0419✓1.011.0M2022-09-13
AMPAmpEthereum0.006210.006215+0.08%0.00563-9.34%0.0324✗0.63911k2022-09-13
AGLDAdventure GoldEthereum0.4080.408273+0.07%0.4008-1.76%0.0955✓1.09202k2022-09-13
AIOZAIOZ NetworkEthereum0.060.06004+0.07%0.0572-4.67%0.0403✓0.8590k2022-09-13
BTCBitcoinBitcoin22,402.7122,414.46+0.05%20,174.78-9.94%0.0005✓1.00480.9M2022-09-13
ARPAARPAEthereum0.03970.039721+0.05%0.0361-9.07%0.0110✓1.0289k2022-09-13
HIVEHivenative0.58020.580455+0.04%0.5504-5.14%0.0115✓0.62836k2022-09-13
TKOTokocryptoBinance Smart Chain0.2750.275105+0.04%0.263-4.36%0.0358✓0.77563k2022-09-13
MANADecentralandEthereum0.794220.794466+0.03%0.73147-7.90%0.0356✓1.13624k2022-09-13
SANDThe SandboxEthereum0.95910.959395+0.03%0.8796-8.29%0.0457✓1.27899k2022-09-13
XTZTezosTezos1.65651.657+0.03%1.5348-7.35%0.0344✓1.06241k2022-09-13
GITCOINGITCOIN2.14882.1494+0.03%2.0329-5.39%0.0624✓1.1313k2022-09-13
OXTOrchid ProtocolEthereum0.11410.114127+0.02%0.1076-5.70%0.0332✓0.88188k2022-09-13
TRBTellor TributesEthereum16.5816.5838+0.02%15.2-8.32%0.0053✗0.781.5M2022-09-13
BCHSVBitcoin Cash SV54.60954.6212+0.02%51.566-5.57%0.0351✓0.88264k2022-09-13
ZENHorizenBase16.4816.4834+0.02%14.84-9.95%0.0262✓1.2579k2022-09-13
KCSKuCoinnative9.7159.7163+0.01%9.254-4.75%0.0416✓0.861.2M2022-09-13
SCSiacoinnative0.00420.004201+0.01%0.00381-9.29%0.0010✓0.94103k2022-09-13
LCXLCXEthereum0.05160.051606+0.01%0.0496-3.88%0.0608✓0.96234k2022-09-13
QNTQuantEthereum106.65106.6577+0.01%97.87-8.23%0.0119✓0.933.5M2022-09-13
LINKChainlinkEthereum7.7587.7585+0.01%7.025-9.45%0.0194✓1.1318.0M2022-09-13
JUVJuventus Fan TokenSolana5.335.3299-0.00%5.72+7.32%0.1381✗0.642.0M2022-09-13
AVAXAvalancheAvalanche21.3721.3695-0.00%18.87-11.70%0.0198✗1.3818.0M2022-09-13
JASMYJasmyCoinEthereum0.009050.00905-0.00%0.00851-5.97%0.0373✗0.943.3M2022-09-13
GLMRMoonbeamBase0.5690.568972-0.00%0.52-8.61%0.0299✗1.1466k2022-09-13
STEEMSteemnative0.23550.23548-0.01%0.2161-8.24%0.0055✗0.87527k2022-09-13
IOTAIOTAIOTA0.29170.291659-0.01%0.2679-8.16%0.0214✗1.022.7M2022-09-13
XCNOnyxcoinEthereum0.0740.073989-0.02%0.06913-6.58%0.0538✓0.13378k2022-09-13
LRCLoopringEthereum0.35140.35134-0.02%0.3308-5.86%0.0624✗1.1772k2022-09-13
ENJEnjin CoinEthereum0.5420.5419-0.02%0.493-9.04%0.0332✗1.2277k2022-09-13
XYOXYO NetworkEthereum0.008330.008328-0.02%0.00796-4.44%0.0779✗1.18428k2022-09-13
CHRChromiaEthereum0.18390.183861-0.02%0.165-10.28%0.0123✗1.151,7442022-09-13
SUNSun TokenTron0.0063560.006354-0.02%0.005899-7.19%0.0074✓0.641,9622022-09-13
BICOBiconomyEthereum0.51290.51278-0.02%0.4865-5.15%0.0371✗0.86396k2022-09-13
RARESuperRareEthereum0.20530.205242-0.03%0.1898-7.55%0.0393✗1.12108k2022-09-13
CVCCivicEthereum0.15180.151752-0.03%0.1392-8.30%0.0182✗1.00119k2022-09-13
CBKCobakEthereum0.854280.854008-0.03%0.82473-3.46%0.0477✗0.7913k2022-09-13
DODODODOEthereum0.13190.131853-0.04%0.1253-5.00%0.0724✗1.181.4M2022-09-13
ATMAtletico Madrid Fan TokenSolana4.554.5482-0.04%4.5-1.10%0.0531✗0.611.4M2022-09-13
CERECere NetworkEthereum0.0062340.006231-0.05%0.006216-0.29%0.0364✗0.3730k2022-09-13
ADACardanoCardano0.50140.501155-0.05%0.4637-7.52%0.0276✗1.0138.3M2022-09-13
BTTCBTTC9.00e-79.00e-7-0.05%8.60e-7-4.44%0.0324✗0.741.7M2022-09-13
RIFRootstock Infrastructure FrameworkEthereum0.06540.065366-0.05%0.059-9.79%0.0250✗1.22563k2022-09-13
ACMAC Milan Fan TokenSolana4.2384.2352-0.07%4.082-3.68%0.0178✗0.522.3M2022-09-13
BANDBandEthereum1.3521.3511-0.07%1.244-7.99%0.0511✗1.28323k2022-09-13
AVTAventusEthereum1.431.429-0.07%1.41-1.40%0.0278✓-0.14124k2022-09-13
XVSVenusEthereum4.984.9765-0.07%4.66-6.43%0.0249✗0.87839k2022-09-13
MTLMetal DAOMetal L21.2791.2781-0.07%1.152-9.93%0.0061✓0.931.1M2022-09-13
AUCTIONBounceEthereum7.427.4142-0.08%6.97-6.06%0.0530✗1.10224k2022-09-13
ALGOAlgorandAlgorand0.32370.323425-0.09%0.2966-8.37%0.0163✗0.986.0M2022-09-13
TRACOriginTrailEthereum0.20630.206124-0.09%0.199-3.54%0.0788✗1.09135k2022-09-13
SNXSynthetixEthereum2.9432.9404-0.09%2.719-7.61%0.0842✗1.552.9M2022-09-13
ACHAlchemy PayEthereum0.0131540.013142-0.09%0.012152-7.62%0.0093✗0.84882k2022-09-13
HIGHHighstreetEthereum1.5341.5325-0.10%1.455-5.15%0.0660✗1.1371k2022-09-13
SWFTCSWFTCOINEthereum0.0016260.001624-0.10%0.001519-6.58%0.0153✗0.79374k2022-09-13
BELBella ProtocolEthereum0.6720.671299-0.10%0.622-7.44%0.0429✗1.143.3M2022-09-13
NEXONEXOEthereum0.970.968986-0.10%0.913-5.88%0.0649✗1.191.5M2022-09-13
DOGEDogecoinDogecoin0.0639580.063888-0.11%0.059635-6.76%0.0369✗1.011.2M2022-09-13
ASRAS Roma Fan TokenSolana4.2854.2803-0.11%4.142-3.34%0.0056✗0.372.2M2022-09-13
DASHDashDash47.1747.118-0.11%43.77-7.21%0.0384✗1.07312k2022-09-13
LPTLivepeerEthereum11.0211.0078-0.11%9.73-11.71%0.0175✗1.34288k2022-09-13
OGOG Fan TokenSolana5.9485.9413-0.11%6.134+3.13%0.0992✗0.643.1M2022-09-13
C98Coin98Ethereum0.44360.443101-0.11%0.4014-9.51%0.0245✗1.1875k2022-09-13
LTCLitecoinLitecoin61.4161.3404-0.11%59.1-3.76%0.0721✗1.0414.0M2022-09-13
UMAUMAEthereum2.7562.7528-0.12%2.618-5.01%0.0368✗0.83523k2022-09-13
METISMetisEthereum29.9329.8955-0.12%27.9-6.78%0.1053✗1.66159k2022-09-13
FTTFTXEthereum28.4628.4258-0.12%25.89-9.03%0.0130✗1.026.8M2022-09-13
CELLCellframeEthereum0.29760.297229-0.12%0.298+0.13%0.1157✗1.0874k2022-09-13
CTKShentuOsmosis1.011.0087-0.13%0.921-8.81%0.0482✓0.412.7M2022-09-13
ALICEMy Neighbor AliceEthereum2.1712.1682-0.13%2.022-6.86%0.0636✗1.2732k2022-09-13
NANOnanopayBase0.9142160.913006-0.13%0.846269-7.43%0.0141✗0.8649k2022-09-13
MEDMediblocOsmosis0.0220180.021989-0.13%0.020191-8.30%0.0204✓0.6212k2022-09-13
POWRPowerledgerEthereum0.23460.234285-0.13%0.2085-11.13%0.0226✓0.9057k2022-09-13
SOLSolanaSolana37.4637.4096-0.13%33.01-11.88%0.0030✗1.2254.5M2022-09-13
ZRX0x ProtocolEthereum0.320430.319985-0.14%0.289387-9.69%0.0027✗0.99471k2022-09-13
QTUMQtumQtum3.29333.2887-0.14%3.0233-8.20%0.0247✗1.0419k2022-09-13
XEMNEMnative0.0467110.046645-0.14%0.042163-9.74%0.0075✓0.8928k2022-09-13
COTICOTIEthereum0.10270.10255-0.15%0.0924-10.03%0.0020✗1.01336k2022-09-13
ELAElastosEthereum1.6221.6196-0.15%1.553-4.25%0.0349✗0.7329k2022-09-13
XLMStellarStellar0.1138590.113683-0.15%0.104654-8.08%0.0103✗0.896.5M2022-09-13
SKLSKALEEthereum0.04920.049119-0.16%0.0441-10.37%0.0154✗1.18546k2022-09-13
BARFC Barcelona Fan TokenSolana6.386.369-0.17%6.12-4.08%0.0151✗0.522.1M2022-09-13
WOOWOOEthereum0.16420.163905-0.18%0.1561-4.93%0.0886✗1.319132022-09-13
MOVRMoonriverBase12.66512.6419-0.18%11.9339-5.77%0.0492✗1.0221k2022-09-13
ICPInternet ComputerEthereum6.9266.9131-0.19%6.4-7.59%0.0275✗1.004.3M2022-09-13
CRVCurve DAOEthereum1.1431.1409-0.19%1.0525-7.92%0.0812✗1.544.4M2022-09-13
RADRadworksEthereum2.462.4552-0.19%2.32-5.69%0.0071✗0.61261k2022-09-13
XYMSymbolnative0.0426730.042589-0.20%0.03987-6.57%0.0100✓0.5323k2022-09-13
FLOWFlownative2.1022.0978-0.20%1.864-11.32%0.0304✗1.42967k2022-09-13
IMXImmutableEthereum0.86380.861939-0.22%0.8066-6.62%0.0567✗1.17946k2022-09-13
UNIUniswapEthereum6.6596.6446-0.22%6.034-9.39%0.0508✗1.406.9M2022-09-13
SUPERSuperVerseEthereum0.142110.1418-0.22%0.13476-5.17%0.0758✗1.21151k2022-09-13
INDEXThe IndexRobinhood1.841.8359-0.23%1.81-1.63%0.0350✗0.4758k2022-09-13
OPTIMOptimism1.2671.2641-0.23%1.182-6.71%0.1103✗1.692.7M2022-09-13
SUSHISushiEthereum1.26951.2662-0.26%1.1703-7.81%0.0408✗1.141.1M2022-09-13
DNTdistrict0xEthereum0.04930.04917-0.26%0.0452-8.32%0.0049✗0.85145k2022-09-13
CTSICartesiEthereum0.15470.154287-0.27%0.1444-6.66%0.0397✗1.01336k2022-09-13
COMPCompoundEthereum54.7354.5829-0.27%55.83+2.01%0.1558✗1.278,6412022-09-13
BOBABoba NetworkEthereum0.33460.333693-0.27%0.3105-7.20%0.0370✗1.0482k2022-09-13
ENSEthereum Name ServiceEthereum15.1215.0786-0.27%14.53-3.90%0.0678✗1.001.8M2022-09-13
NEARNEAR ProtocolNEAR5.0935.0786-0.28%4.418-13.25%0.0346✓1.001.4M2022-09-13
FIDABonfidaSolana0.4810.479609-0.29%0.434-9.77%0.0093✗1.047,9852022-09-13
GMTGMTEthereum0.74190.739753-0.29%0.6606-10.96%0.0481✗1.54210k2022-09-13
PORPortugal National Team Fan TokenSolana4.8634.8484-0.30%4.6029-5.35%0.1044✗1.49122k2022-09-13
TLMAlien WorldsEthereum0.024880.024805-0.30%0.02317-6.87%0.0451✗1.082,9582022-09-13
GODSGods UnchainedEthereum0.316230.315269-0.30%0.30966-2.08%0.0545✗0.69326k2022-09-13
API3Api3Ethereum1.8031.7975-0.31%1.68-6.82%0.0389✗1.02627k2022-09-13
DOTPolkadotPolkadot7.6647.6405-0.31%7.07-7.75%0.0447✗1.1710.0M2022-09-13
RUNETHORChainTHORChain1.9351.929-0.31%1.785-7.75%0.1018✗1.7160k2022-09-13
YGGYield Guild GamesEthereum0.4830.481473-0.32%0.449-7.04%0.0570✗1.214,2692022-09-13
GTCGitcoinEthereum2.192.1825-0.34%2.03-7.31%0.0611✗1.27227k2022-09-13
BCHBitcoin CashBitcoin Cash128.87128.4046-0.36%117.6-8.75%0.0353✗1.184.4M2022-09-13
ANKRAnkr NetworkEthereum0.03730.037161-0.37%0.03367-9.73%0.0124✗1.0635k2022-09-13
APEApeCoinEthereum5.4925.4712-0.38%5.136-6.48%0.0832✗1.406.4M2022-09-13
ASTRAstarEthereum0.03990.039746-0.38%0.0403+1.00%0.1068✗0.899,1922022-09-13
DEXEDeXeEthereum3.2453.2324-0.39%3.055-5.86%0.0175✓0.37676k2022-09-13
CWEBCoinwebEthereum0.0240350.023941-0.39%0.024692+2.73%0.0402✗0.09465k2022-09-13
XECeCashnative0.000045970.00004578-0.41%0.00004395-4.39%0.0514✗0.883.0M2022-09-13
CITYManchester City Fan TokenSolana6.716.6817-0.42%6.47-3.58%0.0195✗0.492.1M2022-09-13
FORTFortaEthereum0.22570.224748-0.42%0.2103-6.82%0.0131✗0.7667k2022-09-13
ORCAOrcaSolana0.89480.890878-0.44%0.8463-5.42%0.1128✗1.5789k2022-09-13
CBETHCoinbase Wrapped Staked ETHEthereum1,615.211,607.88-0.45%1,471.37-8.91%0.0160✗1.003.3M2022-09-13
EWTEnergy Web TokenEthereum4.5244.503-0.46%4.212-6.90%0.0319✗0.94273k2022-09-13
SPELLSpellEthereum0.0013230.001317-0.47%0.001236-6.57%0.0233✗0.832.2M2022-09-13
AXSAxie InfinityEthereum14.2214.1536-0.47%13.18-7.31%0.0530✗1.19925k2022-09-13
ETCEthereum Classicnative38.4538.2695-0.47%35.29-8.22%0.0839✗1.5810.6M2022-09-13
OGNOrigin TokenEthereum0.177310.176475-0.47%0.16284-8.16%0.0328✗1.08271k2022-09-13
GRTThe GraphEthereum0.12860.127975-0.49%0.1082-15.86%0.0366✓1.252.5M2022-09-13
DYDXdYdXCosmos1.5631.5552-0.50%1.41-9.79%0.0303✗1.2343k2022-09-13
CHZChilizEthereum0.20140.200392-0.50%0.1934-3.97%0.0676✗0.983.2M2022-09-13
YFIyearn.financeEthereum9,751.479,701.84-0.51%9,017.07-7.53%0.0753✗1.424.1M2022-09-13
KNCKyber Network CrystalEthereum1.91231.9025-0.51%1.9586+2.42%0.1177✗0.851.4M2022-09-13
CELRCeler NetworkEthereum0.0184890.018381-0.59%0.017211-6.91%0.0390✗1.009912022-09-13
PROPropyEthereum0.730.725682-0.59%0.71-2.74%0.0033✓0.2444k2022-09-13
POKTPocket NetworkEthereum0.11440.113717-0.60%0.1104-3.50%0.0331✗0.60188k2022-09-13
LAZIOLazio Fan TokenBinance Smart Chain7.66047.6142-0.60%7.2349-5.55%0.0248✓0.2511.9M2022-09-13
STXStacksnative0.38790.385535-0.61%0.3497-9.85%0.0145✗1.07314k2022-09-13
ALPINEAlpine F1 Team Fan TokenBinance Smart Chain4.56284.5346-0.62%4.1321-9.44%0.0287✓0.618.1M2022-09-13
NMRNumeraireEthereum18.2318.1173-0.62%16.8-7.84%0.0196✓0.53396k2022-09-13
RLCiExec RLCEthereum1.39761.3885-0.65%1.2429-11.07%0.0025✓1.08922k2022-09-13
XVGVergenative0.003570.003546-0.66%0.00337-5.60%0.0527✗0.99483k2022-09-13
MASKMask NetworkEthereum1.411.4003-0.69%1.3-7.80%0.0368✗1.0668k2022-09-13
FILFilecoinFilecoin6.5566.5095-0.71%5.871-10.45%0.0018✓0.976.2M2022-09-13
PORTOFC PortoBinance Smart Chain7.00496.9549-0.71%6.58-6.07%0.0449✓0.109.1M2022-09-13
ATOMCosmos HubCosmos15.5315.4143-0.74%13.897-10.52%0.0305✗1.2819.6M2022-09-13
IDEXIDEXEthereum0.069150.068619-0.77%0.06468-6.46%0.0385✗0.938202022-09-13
ROSEOasisBinance Smart Chain0.064740.064186-0.86%0.05951-8.08%0.0551✗1.251.2M2022-09-13
FISStafiEthereum0.36270.359391-0.91%0.35-3.50%0.0841✗1.061,1592022-09-13
ADXheyAuraEthereum0.172560.170837-1.00%0.16738-3.00%0.0594✗0.765152022-09-13
UOSUltraEthereum0.440280.435829-1.01%0.42001-4.60%0.0659✗0.98379k2022-09-13
LUNATerraTerra 20.00030.000296722-1.09%0.00035806+19.35%0.2161✗0.272.3M2022-09-13
SANTOSSantos FC Fan TokenBinance Smart Chain12.3412.1787-1.31%12.092-2.01%0.0322✗0.3816.0M2022-09-13
BRISEBitgertEthereum7.49e-77.37e-7-1.52%6.96e-7-7.05%0.0334✗0.872.3M2022-09-13
PONDMarlinEthereum0.0120040.011763-2.01%0.010998-8.38%0.0375✗1.006492022-09-13
ALEPHAleph CloudEthereum0.19160.186698-2.56%0.1365-28.76%0.2986✓0.1483k2022-09-13
AERGOAergo [OLD]Ethereum0.21640.210803-2.59%0.1963-9.29%0.0071✓0.7526k2022-09-13
GLMGolemEthereum0.40930.394886-3.52%0.3444-15.86%0.0516✓0.8189k2022-09-13
Δ columns are percentage price moves; alpha err and the hit column are in beta-adjusted log-return space, which is what the model actually predicts. “pending” means the horizon has not matured yet. Rows are capped for readability — add &limit=2000 to widen.